While I was still a boy, I came to the conclusion that there were three grades of thinking; and since I was later to claim thinking as my hobby, I came to an even stranger conclusion — namely, that I myself could not think at all. –William Golding, author of Lord of the Flies
Sometime back reader Sara pointed me to this fascinating essay by William Golding about the nature of critical thinking. Golding explains his intellectual development (including a personal encounter with Albert Einstein) and classifies critical thinking skill in three grades.
Grade-Three Critical Thinking
Grade-Three thought is often full of unconscious prejudice, ignorance and hypocrisy. It will lecture on disinterested purity while its neck is being remorselessly twisted towards a skirt. Technically, it is about as proficient as most businessmen’s golf, as honest as most politicians’ intentions, or –to come near my own preoccupation — as coherent as most books that get written. It is what I came to call grade-three thinking, though more properly, it is feeling, rather than thought.
Grade-Two Critical Thinking
Grade-two thinking is the detection of contradictions. Grade-two thinkers do not stampede easily, though often they fall into the other fault and lag behind. Grade-two thinking is a withdrawal, with eyes and ears open. It became my hobby and brought satisfaction and loneliness in either hand. For grade-two thinking destroys without having the power to create. It set me watching the crowds cheering His Majesty and King and asking myself what all the fuss was about, without giving me anything positive to put in the place of that heady patriotism…Grade-two thinking, though it filled life with fun and excitement, did not make for content.
Grade-One Critical Thinking
I found that grade two was the power to point out contradictions. It took the swimmer some distance from the shore and left him there, out of his depth. I decided that Pontius Pilate was a typical grade-two thinker. “What is truth?” he said, a very common grade-two thought, “but one that is used always as the end of an argument instead of the beginning”. There is still a higher grade of thought which says, “What is truth?” and sets out to find it.
This essay illustrates the most important reason to read — to clarify your own thoughts. We’ve all observed the three grades of thinking before, but Golding defines them perfectly. Having your thoughts confirmed by a renowned thinker builds confidence and strengthens the belief that nothing is truly original.
It also gives us perspective. I used to believe that the present was a terrible time to be born for creative thinkers. The more I read, the more I understand that grade-three thinkers always have and always will hold the majority. While this isn’t the cheeriest realization, it lead me to stop making excuses and start utilizing modern advantages like the internet.
Golding’s development is remarkably similar to my personal experience; starting at blind acceptance, moving to contradiction and cynicism, and finally reaching creative thought. I’m inclined to believe the development of all thoughtful people follows this pattern and I’d be curious to hear about other experiences.
For anyone interested in this subject I recommend reading the full essay. The quotes I’ve chosen fail to do justice to Golding’s elegant, humorous, and insightful writing.
Erin shows overscheduled, overwhelmed women how to do less so that they can achieve more. Traditional productivity books—written by men—barely touch the tangle of cultural pressures that women feel when facing down a to-do list. How to Get Sh*t Done will teach you how to zero in on the three areas of your life where you want to excel, and then it will show you how to off-load, outsource, or just stop giving a damn about the rest.
viagra walgreens buy viagra is there a generic viagra
viagra otc amazon viagra viagra coupon
cialis 20 image cialis canadien cialis
order viagra online cheap viagra generic for viagra
the best ed drug vacuum therapy for ed top ed drugs
treatment of ed best male enhancement pills best over the counter ed pills
canadian viagra generic viagra buy viagra
order viagra online buy viagra generic viagra canada
where to get viagra viagra canada over the counter viagra
cvs viagra buy generic drugs canadian online pharmacy viagra
doctors for erectile dysfunction generic ed pills online drugstore
ed drug comparison generic viagra homepage
what causes ed Cheap Erection Pills drugs to treat ed
errection problems ED Pills best male enhancement
ed in young men Cheap Erection Pills natural ed remedies
ed solutions generic viagra ed pills cheap
viagra vs cialis tadalafil otc cialis
side effects for cialis cheap cialis 5mg cialis
natural ed cheap medication online ed meds online
erection problems ed medications online drug prices comparison
Very good blog.Really looking forward to read more. Much obliged.
Im obliged for the article.Much thanks again. Want more.
Wow, great blog.Thanks Again. Will read on…
Very neat post.Really looking forward to read more. Keep writing.
I really liked your post.Really looking forward to read more. Great.
Wow, great article post.Much thanks again. Really Great.
buy tadalafil online tadalafil canada
Thanks again for the blog article.Really thank you! Keep writing.
tadalafil pharmacy buy tadalafil online
payday loans no credit check instant online payday loans
cheap tadalafil tadalafil pharmacy
payday loans online instant online payday loans
Fantastic goods from you, man. I have understand your stuff previous to and
you are just extremely excellent. I really like what you’ve acquired here, really like
what you are stating and the way in which you say it.
You make it enjoyable and you still take care
of to keep it wise. I cant wait to read much more from you.
This is really a wonderful web site.
canadian pharmacy generic viagra buy viagra canadian viagra
warnings for cialis 30ml liquid cialis the effects of cialis on women
best place to buy generic viagra online buy viagra online viagra cialis
free cialis medication for providers cialis online normal dose cialis
where can i buy viagra viagra prices how to get viagra without a doctor
best ed treatments online canadian pharmacy ed in young men
ed meds online cheap generic drugs from india buy cheap prescription drugs online
generic for viagra viagra for sale viagra from india
viagra online canada viagra for sale generic viagra online for sale
erectile dysfunction cure buy Doxycyline online prices of viagra at walmart
viagra pill viagra viagra from india
viagra amazon viagra pill viagra viagra online
cialis going generic in 2019 in us generic cialis which is better – cialis or viagra
$200 cialis coupon free cialis low cost cialis
men with ed cheap Zithromax ways to treat erectile dysfunction
erectile dysfunction medications: best ed medication canadian drug prices
erectional dysfunction: cheap erectile dysfunction ed drugs online
viagra online usa online doctor prescription for viagra viagra
where to get zithromax over the counter zithromax 500 tablet zithromax purchase online
zithromax price canada zithromax tablets zithromax over the counter
buying ed pills online buy viagra online canada pharmacy otc ed pills
erectional dysfunction canadian pharmacy meds ed medication online
viagra price how much does viagra cost where can i buy viagra over the counter
mail order viagra online doctor prescription for viagra cheap generic viagra
男性向けのリアルなダッチワイフは、柔らかなボディ、美しいルックス、着替え可能な衣装など、さまざまな機能を備えており、これらの人形で性的および口頭の喜びを楽しむことができます。 ラブドール 本物
mister viagra? yes ; ok. sir? maybe perhapsibility, sectionality and discursions.
I want to express my thanks to this writer for rescuing me from this particular circumstance. Just after scouting through the world wide web and seeing methods which are not pleasant, I believed my entire life was gone. Love Doll Blog
EIS Components is the stocking Distributor of DFLS130L-7, we specialize in Diodes Incorporated all series electronic components. DFLS130L-7 can be shipped within 24 hours after order. If you have any demands for DFLS130L-7, Please kindly submit an RFQ here or send us an email. We will reply you as soon as possible.
That is a good tip especially to those fresh to the blogosphere. Brief but very accurate informationÖ Thank you for sharing this one. A must read article!
This web site really has all the information I wanted concerning this subject and didnít know who to ask.
most expensive sex doll Amazing things here. I am very glad to see your article. Take the beautiful love doll as an example. It applies to what you can get with a sex doll, as the best, in addition to some other variants. She looks perfect, is faithful to life and life, has a great skeleton, and her oral function-and other variants-is top.
custom sex doll If you’re considering buying a wm doll, you already know what a wm doll is, but there are different types and they are often referred to by different names.
에볼루션코리아
773ROutph.]%
에볼루션카지노
241PDkOrh?-+
에볼루션룰렛
445PiPLvB$%`
에볼루션블랙잭189swZwpL”*”
The best e-cigarette liquid site in Korea. Korea’s lowest-priced 전자담배 액상 사이트 e-cigarette liquid.
스모크밤608 스모크밤
巨乳 ラブドール IronTech人形–代替リストセックス人形の懐のオプションを選ぶ方法世界の最初のロボットセックス人形小さなセックス人形のための巨大なおっぱい
제주룸115tYNtIM{!_
제주룸
252YIBEgs-<}
강남카지노강남오프라인카지노.강남사설카지노 놀러오세요~!! 이벤트중~!!