{"id":44178,"date":"2016-09-18T17:26:16","date_gmt":"2016-09-19T01:26:16","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.pickthebrain.com\/?p=44178"},"modified":"2017-05-27T08:48:14","modified_gmt":"2017-05-27T16:48:14","slug":"the-two-strategies-that-skyrocketed-my-motivation-by-50-percent","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.pickthebrain.com\/blog\/the-two-strategies-that-skyrocketed-my-motivation-by-50-percent\/","title":{"rendered":"The Two Strategies That Skyrocketed My Motivation by 49.08{54c12dad2cc2b53ae830e39915b1a3e70288dbcbbeb8bbf8395437c5dc3c512c}"},"content":{"rendered":"<div style=\"margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px;\" class=\"sharethis-inline-share-buttons\" ><\/div><p class=\"p1\"><\/p>\n<p class=\"p1\"><b><\/b><span class=\"s1\">Is a lack of motivation crippling you? <\/span><\/p>\n<p class=\"p2\"><span class=\"s1\">It\u2019s not your fault.<\/span><\/p>\n<p class=\"p2\"><span class=\"s1\">Research has proven two strategies that skyrocket motivation, but we don\u2019t teach them in schools or the workplace.<\/span><\/p>\n<p class=\"p2\"><span class=\"s1\">As a culture, we have given up on the science of motivation. Instead, we share inspirational cat pictures on Facebook. While I have nothing against inspirational pictures (or cats), that\u2019s just not effective instruction.<\/span><\/p>\n<p class=\"p2\"><span class=\"s1\">Disengaged employees <a href=\"http:\/\/www.gallup.com\/businessjournal\/162953\/tackle-employees-stagnating-engagement.aspx\"><span class=\"s2\">cost the U.S. over $400 billion per year<\/span><\/a>. Meanwhile, we\u2019re ignoring decades of science that all point to the same two strategies.<\/span><\/p>\n<p class=\"p2\"><span class=\"s1\">Help me change that.<\/span><\/p>\n<p class=\"p3\"><span class=\"s1\"><b>The two types of motivation<\/b><\/span><\/p>\n<p class=\"p2\"><span class=\"s1\">Two strategies boost motivation: purpose and incentives.<\/span><\/p>\n<p class=\"p2\"><span class=\"s1\">Purpose is finding the meaning behind a task. Most nonprofit workers, artists, and parents find a sense of purpose in their work.<\/span><\/p>\n<p class=\"p2\"><span class=\"s1\">Incentives are extrinsic rewards for accomplishing a task. Paychecks, bonuses, and gold stickers in kindergarten are examples of extrinsic motivation.<\/span><\/p>\n<p class=\"p2\"><span class=\"s1\">Traditional systems use only one form of motivation. Employers expect the promise of a raise to boost innovation. Political candidates craft a more emotional appeal to encourage volunteers to increase the number of tedious phone calls they make.<\/span><\/p>\n<p class=\"p2\"><span class=\"s1\">But we have it all wrong.<\/span><\/p>\n<p class=\"p2\"><span class=\"s1\">Both purpose and incentives can be effective, and both have their place. But neither strategy is the whole story. You see, science shows a distinction between the two. That difference radically transforms their effectiveness, and that\u2019s where most people go wrong.<\/span><\/p>\n<p class=\"p3\"><span class=\"s1\"><b>The contradictory science on motivation<\/b><\/span><\/p>\n<p class=\"p2\"><span class=\"s1\">Research on motivation seems to go against common sense.<\/span><\/p>\n<p class=\"p2\"><span class=\"s1\">The London School of Economics conducted a <a href=\"http:\/\/www.lse.ac.uk\/newsAndMedia\/news\/archives\/2009\/06\/performancepay.aspx\"><span class=\"s2\">meta-analysis of 51 studies<\/span><\/a> that found that \u201cthe provision of incentives can result in a negative impact on overall performance.\u201d<\/span><\/p>\n<p class=\"p2\"><span class=\"s1\">A <a href=\"http:\/\/www.tandfonline.com\/doi\/abs\/10.1080\/19488300.2015.1132488\"><span class=\"s2\">2016 study of U.S. military hospitals<\/span><\/a> showed a statistically significant reduction in efficiency when a pay-for-performance financial incentive was put in place.<\/span><\/p>\n<p class=\"p2\"><span class=\"s1\">Another <a href=\"http:\/\/e-collection.library.ethz.ch\/eserv\/eth:25512\/eth-25512-01.pdf\"><span class=\"s2\">study from Switzerland<\/span><\/a> showed that when volunteers were paid for their help, they actually volunteered less.<\/span><\/p>\n<p class=\"p2\"><span class=\"s1\">So is the answer that financial incentives don\u2019t work? Well, no. The science is more complicated than that.<\/span><\/p>\n<p class=\"p2\"><span class=\"s1\">To find the answer, we need to understand that not all activities are alike, and motivators work differently with different types of activities.<\/span><\/p>\n<p class=\"p3\"><span class=\"s1\"><b>Types of work, types of motivators, and MIT students<\/b><\/span><\/p>\n<p class=\"p2\"><span class=\"s1\">Work falls on a continuum. At one end are complex activities that require brainpower, and at the other are mechanical tasks that involve minimal thinking. When we look at motivation through that lens, what do we find?<\/span><\/p>\n<p class=\"p2\"><span class=\"s1\">Let\u2019s examine the research.<\/span><\/p>\n<p class=\"p2\"><span class=\"s1\">In a <a href=\"https:\/\/www.bostonfed.org\/-\/media\/Documents\/Workingpapers\/PDF\/wp0511.pdf\"><span class=\"s2\">recent study on MIT students<\/span><\/a>, researchers gave participants two tasks\u2014typing the \u201cv\u201d and \u201cn\u201d keys back and forth as fast as they could\u2014a mechanical task if there ever was one. The students also solved a matrix of addition problems, representing complex work. All students performed the same tasks, but were split into two groups. One group was offered $300 for better performance on the tasks, and the other group $30.<\/span><\/p>\n<p class=\"p2\"><span class=\"s1\">The results give us a clue how to motivate ourselves to work harder.<\/span><\/p>\n<p class=\"p2\"><span class=\"s1\">The mechanical-task group did a stellar job when presented with the increased reward. It was clearly the winner in productivity\u2014as long as the brain wasn\u2019t too involved.<\/span><\/p>\n<p class=\"p2\"><span class=\"s1\">But that\u2019s where the reward ended. In the math problem segment, the group offered $300 for high performance actually did worse. Much worse.<\/span><\/p>\n<p class=\"p2\"><span class=\"s1\">Perhaps, the researchers surmised, the effect was due to cultural bias. They performed the same experiment in India. Same result.<\/span><\/p>\n<p class=\"p3\"><span class=\"s1\"><b>The hidden secret to extrinsic motivation<\/b><\/span><\/p>\n<p class=\"p2\"><span class=\"s1\">It isn\u2019t just one study. More and more research has proven the same conclusion\u2014extrinsic motivators only work on mechanical tasks.<\/span><\/p>\n<p class=\"p2\"><span class=\"s1\">A <a href=\"http:\/\/www.mitpressjournals.org\/doi\/abs\/10.1162\/REST_a_00217#.V9GMfZMrKAw\"><span class=\"s2\">study<\/span><\/a> of elementary students paid for higher standardized test scores showed that math (arguably the most rote of the subjects) was the only skill with an increased score. Subjects demanding more complex reasoning such as reading, science and social studies stagnated.<\/span><\/p>\n<p class=\"p2\"><span class=\"s1\">In a <a href=\"http:\/\/psycnet.apa.org\/psycinfo\/1963-00469-001\"><span class=\"s2\">1962 study<\/span><\/a>, participants were given a candle, matches, and a box of tacks. Researchers instructed them to attach the candle to the wall in a way that prevented wax from dripping on the floor.<\/span><\/p>\n<p class=\"p2\"><span class=\"s1\">One group was told they wouldn&#8217;t be compensated but their answers would help researchers gather data. The second was told they\u2019d receive $5 for being in the top 25{54c12dad2cc2b53ae830e39915b1a3e70288dbcbbeb8bbf8395437c5dc3c512c} of fastest participants, and the participant with the fastest time would get $20. In today\u2019s money, those rewards equal around $40 and $160, respectively.<\/span><\/p>\n<p class=\"p2\"><span class=\"s1\">The answer to the challenge is to empty the box of tacks and attach the box to the wall. It takes most people 5-10 minutes to find the answer.<\/span><\/p>\n<p class=\"p2\"><span class=\"s1\">That\u2019s about how long it took those told their work would bring an intrinsic benefit\u2014helping researchers. But those offered money? It took them, on average, three and a half minutes longer to finish the task. Consistent with previous findings, productivity on challenging work declined when incentives were offered.<\/span><\/p>\n<p class=\"p2\"><span class=\"s1\">Researchers conducted another test condition, but this time removed tacks from the box. This takes the challenge out of the puzzle, and transforms it into a mechanical procedure of tacking the box to the wall.<\/span><\/p>\n<p class=\"p2\"><span class=\"s1\">Sure enough, the people who had been offered the extra incentive did it faster.<\/span><\/p>\n<p class=\"p2\"><span class=\"s1\">The research is clear: extrinsic motivators only work when the task requires little brainpower. When the work is complex, the motivation has to be intrinsic.<\/span><\/p>\n<p class=\"p2\"><span class=\"s1\"> But I was curious\u2014could I use the studies in my daily job?<\/span><\/p>\n<p class=\"p3\"><span class=\"s1\"><b>How I channeled my inner mad scientist<\/b><\/span><\/p>\n<p class=\"p2\"><span class=\"s1\">I first learned about this research through Dan Pink\u2019s extraordinary <a href=\"http:\/\/www.ted.com\/talks\/dan_pink_on_motivation?language=en\"><span class=\"s2\">TED talk on motivation<\/span><\/a>, which provided a starting point for this article.<\/span><\/p>\n<p class=\"p2\"><span class=\"s1\">But I wasn\u2019t satisfied with just the research. I wanted to try it out on my own.<\/span><\/p>\n<p class=\"p2\"><span class=\"s1\">What if I could take those findings and craft a motivation plan that allowed me to work more productively and stay motivated while doing it?<\/span><\/p>\n<p class=\"p2\"><span class=\"s1\">I put it to the test.<\/span><\/p>\n<p class=\"p2\"><span class=\"s1\">While my \u201cstudy\u201d wouldn\u2019t have scientific rigor, I tried to replicate bonafide research as best as possible. I tracked my motivation during the process of writing two articles. Both were similar in length and content, and I wrote both in similar test conditions.<\/span><\/p>\n<p class=\"p2\"><span class=\"s1\">Every fifteen minutes, I wrote down my amount of motivation for finishing the project on a scale of 1-10. A higher score indicated higher motivation.<\/span><\/p>\n<p class=\"p3\"><span class=\"s1\"><b>The two experiments I performed on myself<\/b><\/span><\/p>\n<p class=\"p2\"><span class=\"s1\">For my control task, I completed the article using my normal planning and strategy methods. I pushed through no matter what.<\/span><\/p>\n<p class=\"p2\"><span class=\"s1\">Overall, I wasn\u2019t too pleased with that score, but felt like it was a fairly accurate representation.<\/span><\/p>\n<p class=\"p2\"><span class=\"s1\">Many people think of writing as a creative endeavor. Much of it is, but there is a large amount of rote work as well\u2014proofreading, fact-checking, and editing tend to be monotonous tasks with little creative thinking.<\/span><\/p>\n<p class=\"p2\"><span class=\"s1\">For the second experiment, I broke up my tasks into two categories\u2014complex work and mechanical work.<\/span><\/p>\n<p class=\"p2\"><span class=\"s1\">Researching, outlining, and drafting the article were complex tasks. Editing and revising each section were mechanical.<\/span><\/p>\n<p class=\"p2\"><span class=\"s1\">In the experiment, I wrote down the reason why I was completing the complex tasks, and used that as my motivator during that process. The reason I wrote down was to help people through the article I was writing and draw a bigger audience through the exposure the article would bring.<\/span><\/p>\n<p class=\"p2\"><span class=\"s1\">For the less complex tasks, I rewarded myself with a guilty pleasure\u2014playing a text-based computer game I recently discovered. For each of the seven sections I completed, I rewarded myself with 10 minutes of guilt-free time on the game. The 70 minutes were to be used all at the end.<\/span><\/p>\n<p class=\"p2\"><span class=\"s1\">After tracking my motivation every 15 minutes, the results were in.<\/span><\/p>\n<p class=\"p3\"><span class=\"s1\"><b>The stunning conclusion that changed how I saw motivation<\/b><\/span><\/p>\n<p class=\"p2\"><span class=\"s1\">Based on the motivation scores I accumulated over the hours on the first, unmotivated project, I finished with an average score of 5.88 of a possible 10.<\/span><\/p>\n<p class=\"p2\"><span class=\"s1\">I frequently dipped to three, two or even one on my ten-point scale. Overall, the project just didn\u2019t interest me.<\/span><\/p>\n<p class=\"p2\"><span class=\"s1\">On the second project, where I applied what I had learned about motivation, I tallied a stunning average of 8.77\u2014an increase of 49.08{54c12dad2cc2b53ae830e39915b1a3e70288dbcbbeb8bbf8395437c5dc3c512c}. The lowest single score I had was a seven.<\/span><\/p>\n<p class=\"p2\"><span class=\"s1\">In addition to that, I completed the second article in 76.47{54c12dad2cc2b53ae830e39915b1a3e70288dbcbbeb8bbf8395437c5dc3c512c} of the time, shaving off valuable minutes.<\/span><\/p>\n<p class=\"p2\"><span class=\"s1\">I was a bit hesitant about using the game time, afraid I would fall into a vortex of distraction. I\u2019ve frequently succumbed to what researchers call the \u201c<a href=\"http:\/\/www.spring.org.uk\/2011\/03\/the-what-the-hell-effect.php\"><span class=\"s2\">what the hell<\/span><\/a>\u201d effect in the past. I had already wasted five minutes. What difference did it make if I spent another five, ten, or sixty on the game?<\/span><\/p>\n<p class=\"p2\"><span class=\"s1\">I was pleasantly surprised to find it was easy to pull myself away when the time came. When that time had been earned, it was easier to stop. I knew I had earned it, and I didn\u2019t have reason to give up on my work and keep procrastinating.<\/span><\/p>\n<p class=\"p3\"><span class=\"s1\"><b>How to use the motivation research for yourself<\/b><\/span><\/p>\n<p class=\"p2\"><span class=\"s1\">While my study wasn\u2019t scientific, it was game changing for me to see what kind of motivators would work best for me.<\/span><\/p>\n<p class=\"p2\"><span class=\"s1\">Using this method, I found a system that works well when I need motivation. If my task requires thinking, I focus on why I\u2019m doing it. When it\u2019s nothing but drudgery, I give myself an extrinsic reward.<\/span><\/p>\n<p class=\"p2\"><span class=\"s1\">It\u2019s not just for me, however. You can apply the same principles of motivation to your daily life.<\/span><\/p>\n<p class=\"p2\"><span class=\"s1\">If you&#8217;re planning on losing weight, write down your reason as you plan a diet and workout plan. For each time you accomplish those steps, provide yourself some time to do something you love (preferably something other than eating).<\/span><\/p>\n<p class=\"p2\"><span class=\"s1\">If you are trying to watch less TV, focus on the why and build in a replacement habit. Then each time you do the replacement habit, add a reward at the end. This has the added benefit of making the habit easier to stick with.<\/span><\/p>\n<p class=\"p3\"><span class=\"s1\"><b>Motivation is yours for the taking<\/b><\/span><\/p>\n<p class=\"p2\"><span class=\"s1\">Extrinsic and intrinsic rewards can both work, but both need to be used in their respective area of strength. If you are doing a lot of tedious work, an extrinsic reward will be the best motivator.<\/span><\/p>\n<p class=\"p2\"><span class=\"s1\">If you need to increase the complex thinking and planning you or your colleagues do, your best bet is to focus on the why. A raise or promise of more rewards won\u2019t change behavior as effectively.<\/span><\/p>\n<p class=\"p2\"><span class=\"s1\">So now that you know how to motivate yourself, what are you waiting<span class=\"Apple-converted-space\">\u00a0 <\/span>for?<\/span><\/p>\n<p class=\"p2\"><span class=\"s1\">Choose your task, find the best type of motivator, and start.<\/span><\/p>\n<p class=\"p2\"><span class=\"s1\">Go out and do it!<\/span><\/p>\n<p><em>Want another helpful, science-based blueprint for accomplishing more? Check out Stephen\u2019s guide to <a href=\"http:\/\/www.thoughtfulgrowth.com\/ptb-motivation\/\"><span class=\"s2\">Habit Forming Morning Routines<\/span><\/a>. Stephen Roe applies the scientific method to personal development at his site <a href=\"http:\/\/www.thoughtfulgrowth.com\/ptb-motivation\/\"><span class=\"s2\">ThougthfulGrowth.com<\/span><\/a>.<\/span><\/em><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Is a lack of motivation crippling you?<\/p>\n<p>It\u2019s not your fault.<\/p>\n<p>Research has proven two strategies that skyrocket motivation, but we don\u2019t teach them in schools or the workplace. <a href=\"https:\/\/www.pickthebrain.com\/blog\/the-two-strategies-that-skyrocketed-my-motivation-by-50-percent\/\">Continue reading <span class=\"meta-nav\">&rarr;<\/span><\/a><\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":11644,"featured_media":44238,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_monsterinsights_skip_tracking":false,"_monsterinsights_sitenote_active":false,"_monsterinsights_sitenote_note":"","_monsterinsights_sitenote_category":0},"categories":[32,9,6],"tags":[5408,4641,703,66,4629,4640],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v19.1 - https:\/\/yoast.com\/wordpress\/plugins\/seo\/ -->\n<title>The Two Strategies That Skyrocketed My Motivation by 49.08{54c12dad2cc2b53ae830e39915b1a3e70288dbcbbeb8bbf8395437c5dc3c512c}<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"Is a lack of motivation crippling you? 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